Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids
Indications: prevention of diphtheria and tetanus.
Direction for use: Immunization with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids for paediatric use is recommended for infants and children from 6 weeks of age. In addition, these children and adults should receive booster doses of Td every 10 years for the rest of their lives.
Prevention: A booster dose should be given every 10 years.
Pregnancy: This vaccine has not been shown to cause birth defects or other problems in humans
Side effects:
- Redness or hard lump at the place of injection (this may last for a few days; however, less often, the hard lump may last for a few weeks),
- Chills;
- fast heartbeat;
- fever under 39.4 °C (103 °F);
- general feeling of discomfort or illness; headache;
- muscle aches;
- swelling of glands in armpit;
- unusual tiredness or weakness
Tetanus/diphtheria Vaccination Resource:
Adult immunizations: update on recommendations.
Pham H, Geraci SA, Burton MJ; CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices.
Am J Med. 2011 Aug;124(8):698-701. Epub 2011 Jun 12
Vaccination coverage among adolescents and risk factors associated with incomplete immunization.
Sakou II, Tsitsika AK, Papaevangelou V, Tzavela EC, Greydanus DE, Tsolia MN.
Eur J Pediatr. 2011 Nov;170(11):1419-26. Epub 2011 Apr 5
[Improvement strategy to increase vaccination rates in adolescents].
Roggendorf H, Freynik P, Hofmann F.
Gesundheitswesen. 2011 Aug;73(8-9):499-503. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1255085. Epub 2010 Sep 15. German.
Preconception care.
Berghella V, Buchanan E, Pereira L, Baxter JK.
Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2010 Feb;65(2):119-31. Review
Stimulation of anti-polio and anti-HSV IgA pre-plasma cell response in blood following parenteral immunization with tetanus-diphtheria vaccine.
Fernandes JR, Wasserman S, Snider DP.
Vaccine. 2010 Feb 10;28(6):1493-8. Epub 2009 Dec 8
Coalition of advocates to vaccinate of Western European citizens aged 60 years and older.
Michel JP, Chidiac C, Grubeck-Loebenstein B, Johnson RW, Lambert PH, Maggi S, Moulias R, Nicholson K, Werner H.
Aging Clin Exp Res. 2009 Jun;21(3):254-7
HLA-DRhigh/CD27high plasmablasts indicate active disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Jacobi AM, Mei H, Hoyer BF, Mumtaz IM, Thiele K, Radbruch A, Burmester GR, Hiepe F, Dörner T.
Ann Rheum Dis. 2010 Jan;69(1):305-8. Epub
Blood-borne human plasma cells in steady state are derived from mucosal immune responses.
Mei HE, Yoshida T, Sime W, Hiepe F, Thiele K, Manz RA, Radbruch A, Dörner T.
Blood. 2009 Mar 12;113(11):2461-9. Epub 2008 Nov 5
Have you had a tetanus booster in the last 10 years? Sensitivity and specificity of the question.
Hagen PT, Bond AR, Rehman H, Molella RG, Murad MH.
Patient Educ Couns. 2008 Mar;70(3):403-6
Personal hygiene and safety of governmental hospital staff in Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Askarian M, Khalooee A, Emroodi NN.
East Mediterr Health J. 2006 Nov;12(6):768-74
Vaccination during pregnancy.
Munoz FM.
Womens Health (Lond Engl). 2007 Mar;3(2):227-41
Enhanced surveillance for adverse events following immunization: Two years of dTap catch-up among high school students in Yukon, Canada (2004, 2005).
David ST, Hemsley MC, Pasquali PE, Larke B, Buxton JA, Lior LY.
Can J Public Health. 2006 Nov-Dec;97(6):465-9
Report from the CDC. Vaccines in women.
Schmidt JV, Kroger AT, Roy SL.
J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2004 Apr;13(3):249-57
Frequent nasal administrations of recombinant cholera toxin B subunit (rCTB)-containing tetanus and diphtheria toxoid vaccines induced antigen-specific serum and mucosal immune responses in the presence of anti-rCTB antibodies.
Yasuda Y, Isaka M, Taniguchi T, Zhao Y, Matano K, Matsui H, Morokuma K, Maeyama J, Ohkuma K, Goto N, Tochikubo K.
Vaccine. 2003 Jun 20;21(21-22):2954-63
Immunizations in long-term care facilities: policies and practice.
Nichol KL, Grimm MB, Peterson DC.
J Am Geriatr Soc. 1996 Apr;44(4):349-55
Immunization needs of adults.
Olds J.
Iowa Med. 1989 Oct;79(10):464-6
Immunizations among hospital personnel.
Lewy R.
J Occup Med. 1987 May;29(5):433-6
Pathology of a live attenuated anti-schistosome vaccine in mice.
Byram JE, von Lichtenberg F, Lewis FA, Stirewalt MA.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1983 Jan;32(1):94-105
No Data.
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