Japanese encephalitis

Indication: Vaccination provides protection against Japanese encephalitis. Vaccination is recommended if you intend to spend more than three to four weeks in a region where the disease is prevalent.

Vaccination: You need two injections at an interval of about two weeks, and the vaccination now provides protection for one year. A third vaccination administered one year later extends protection to three years.

Protection: The vaccine does not give 100 per cent protection, so it is no alternative to ordinary protection against mosquito bites.

Side effects include:

• Redness around injection site
• Hardening of skin around injection site
• Weakness
• Fever
• Head aches

Japanese Encephalitis Vaccination Resource:

Intranasal immunization with recombinant Ascaris suum 14-kilodalton antigen coupled with cholera toxin B subunit induces protective immunity to A. suum infection in mice.
Tsuji N, Suzuki K, Kasuga-Aoki H, Matsumoto Y, Arakawa T, Ishiwata K, Isobe T.
Infect Immun. 2001 Dec;69(12):7285-92
A vaccination strategy incorporating DNA priming and mucosal boosting using tetanus toxin fragment C (TetC).
Stratford R, Douce G, Bowe F, Dougan G.
Vaccine. 2001 Nov 12;20(3-4):516-25
Simulated solar UVB exposure inhibits transcutaneous immunization to cholera toxin via an irradiated skin site in cattle.
Morrow CK, Colditz IG, Cope RB.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2001 Nov;83(1-2):107-14
The pulmonary environment promotes Th2 cell responses after nasal-pulmonary immunization with antigen alone, but Th1 responses are induced during instances of intense immune stimulation.
Jones HP, Hodge LM, Fujihashi K, Kiyono H, McGhee JR, Simecka JW.
J Immunol. 2001 Oct 15;167(8):4518-26
Active immunization in the United States: developments over the past decade.
Dennehy PH.
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2001 Oct;14(4):872-908, table of contents. Review
The response in old mice: positive and negative immune memory after priming in early age.
Sánchez M, Lindroth K, Sverremark E, González Fernández A, Fernández C.
Int Immunol. 2001 Oct;13(10):1213-21
Oral vaccination in man using antigens in particles: current status.
Brayden DJ.
Eur J Pharm Sci. 2001 Oct;14(3):183-9. Review
[Apudocytes in experimental cholera vaccination].
Bugorkova SA, Isupov IV, Nazarova LS, Eliseev IuIu.
Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 2001 Jul-Aug;(4):27-31. Russian.
Human gastric B cell responses can be induced by intestinal immunisation.
Quiding-Järbrink M, Lönroth H, Ahlstedt I, Holmgren J, Svennerholm AM.
Gut. 2001 Oct;49(4):512-8
Oral immunization with hepatitis B surface antigen expressed in transgenic plants.
Kong Q, Richter L, Yang YF, Arntzen CJ, Mason HS, Thanavala Y.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Sep 25;98(20):11539-44. Epub 2001 Sep 11
Immunostimulating complexes (ISCOMs) for nasal vaccination.
Hu KF, Lövgren-Bengtsson K, Morein B.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2001 Sep 23;51(1-3):149-59. Review
Chitosan as a novel nasal delivery system for vaccines.
Illum L, Jabbal-Gill I, Hinchcliffe M, Fisher AN, Davis SS.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2001 Sep 23;51(1-3):81-96. Review
Serum and mucosal immune responses to an inactivated influenza virus vaccine induced by epidermal powder immunization.
Chen D, Periwal SB, Larrivee K, Zuleger C, Erickson CA, Endres RL, Payne LG.
J Virol. 2001 Sep;75(17):7956-65
Intranasal immunization with killed unencapsulated whole cells prevents colonization and invasive disease by capsulated pneumococci.
Malley R, Lipsitch M, Stack A, Saladino R, Fleisher G, Pelton S, Thompson C, Briles D, Anderson P.
Infect Immun. 2001 Aug;69(8):4870-3
Effect of selection for increased body weight in turkeys on lymphoid organ weights, phagocytosis, and antibody responses to fowl cholera and Newcastle disease-inactivated vaccines.
Li Z, Nestor KE, Saif YM, Anderson JW, Patterson RA.
Poult Sci. 2001 Jun;80(6):689-94
[Vaccinations for overseas travelers--new evidence and recommendations].
Stürchler MP, Steffen R.
Ther Umsch. 2001 Jun;58(6):362-6. Review. German.
Immune responses and protection in different strains of aged mice immunized intranasally with an adjuvant-combined influenza vaccine.
Asanuma H, Hirokawa K, Uchiyama M, Suzuki Y, Aizawa C, Kurata T, Sata T, Tamura S.
Vaccine. 2001 Jul 16;19(28-29):3981-9
Intranasal vaccination of rabbits with Pasteurella multocida A:3 outer membranes that express iron-regulated proteins.
Confer AW, Suckow MA, Montelongo M, Dabo SM, Miloscio LJ, Gillespie AJ, Meredith GL.
Am J Vet Res. 2001 May;62(5):697-703
Characterization of nine Pasteurella multocida isolates from avian cholera outbreaks in Indonesia.
Jonas M, Morishita TY, Angrick EJ, Jahja J.
Avian Dis. 2001 Jan-Mar;45(1):34-42
Development of a novel in vitro assay (ALS assay) for evaluation of vaccine-induced antibody secretion from circulating mucosal lymphocytes.
Chang HS, Sack DA.
Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2001 May;8(3):482-8
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