Sun Exposure
Travelling to areas where air temperature and air moisture exceeds what you are used to some precausions have to be taken. The best protection after staying indoor is using a sun lotion with an appropriate Sun Protection Factor factor 15 or higher. Sun factor preparations work by reducing or blocking the effects of sunlight allowing a person to stay in the sun longer. Re-apply regulary especially during prolonged exposure to sun and after swimming.
If you take any medication it is recommended to check if the medicine increases the skin's sensitivity to sunlight.
General Precautions
Avoid the mid-day sun, usually from noon until 2 p.m. (3 p.m. in the tropics). Adults should wear a broad brimmed hat, long sleeved shirts and sunglasses. Children should wear long sleeved shirts, hats and high-factor waterproof sun-lotion Babies under 9 months should be kept out of direct sunlight. Never lie in the sun to dry off after swimming, the skin will burn in a matter of minutes. use sunglasses ( for maximal protection use glasses with an light absorption up to 400 nm) High altitude climbers etc. should wear a hat with a neck cover and sunglasses with nose shields and blinker side pieces. Notice that wet, bleached and old clothing have reduced ability for sun protection.
Sun Exposure Resource: [A study of the clinical features and the effect of therapy on acute respiratory distress syndrome patients as a result of severe triphosgene poisoning]. Zhang LL, Zhou SS, Liu B, Sun ZM, Yang TJ, Zhu SJ, Fan H.Zhongguo Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue . 2012 Feb;24(2):116-9. Chinese.Effect of the calcium sensing receptor on rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell proliferation through the ERK1/2 pathway. Xu Z, Yan L, Ge Y, Zhang Q, Yang N, Zhang M, Zhao Y, Sun P, Gao J, Tao Z, Yang Z.Mol Biol Rep . 2012 Feb 8. [Epub ahead of printMAVIDOS Maternal Vitamin D Osteoporosis Study: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Harvey NC, Javaid K, Bishop N, Kennedy S, Papageorghiou AT, Fraser R, Gandhi SV, Schoenmakers I, Prentice A, Cooper C.Trials . 2012 Feb 7;13(1):13. [Epub ahead of printFamilial and large-scale case-control studies identify genes associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Bei JX, Jia WH, Zeng YX.Semin Cancer Biol . 2012 Feb 1. [Epub ahead of printCharacterization of the Duffy-Binding-Like Domain of Plasmodium falciparum Blood-Stage Antigen 332. Nilsson S, Moll K, Angeletti D, Albrecht L, Kursula I, Jiang N, Sun X, Berzins K, Wahlgren M, Chen Q.Malar Res Treat . 2011;2011:671439. Epub 2011 Sep 19Potent phototoxicity of marine bunker oil to translucent herring embryos after prolonged weathering. Incardona JP, Vines CA, Linbo TL, Myers MS, Sloan CA, Anulacion BF, Boyd D, Collier TK, Morgan S, Cherr GN, Scholz NL.PLoS One . 2012;7(2):e30116. Epub 2012 Feb 1Molecular Cloning, Characterization and Predicted Structure of a Putative Copper-Zinc SOD from the Camel, Camelus dromedarius. Ataya FS, Fouad D, Al-Olayan E, Malik A.Int J Mol Sci . 2012;13(1):879-900. Epub 2012 Jan 16Diurnal Dependence of Growth Responses to Shade in Arabidopsis: Role of Hormone, Clock, and Light Signaling. Sellaro R, Pacín M, Casal JJ.Mol Plant . 2012 Feb 6. [Epub ahead of printSerum vitamin D level and bone mineral density in premenopausal Egyptian women with fibromyalgia. Olama SM, Senna MK, Elarman MM, Elhawary G.Rheumatol Int . 2012 Feb 4. [Epub ahead of print25-Hydroxycholecalciferol status in plasma is linearly correlated to daily summer pasture time in cattle at 56°N. Hymøller L, Jensen SK.Br J Nutr . 2012 Feb 6:1-6. [Epub ahead of printDevelopment of Phytophotodermatitis in two cases related to Plantago lanceolata. Ozkol HU, Akdeniz N, Ozkol H, Bilgili SG, Calka O.Cutan Ocul Toxicol . 2012 Mar;31(1):58-60Auditory discrimination training rescues developmentally degraded directional selectivity and restores mature expression of GABA(A) and AMPA receptor subunits in rat auditory cortex. Guo F, Zhang J, Zhu X, Cai R, Zhou X, Sun X.Behav Brain Res . 2012 Jan 26. [Epub ahead of printEffects of sunlight and diet on vitamin D status of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Tbilisi, Georgia. Desai NS, Tukvadze N, Frediani JK, Kipiani M, Sanikidze E, Nichols MM, Hebbar G, Kempker RR, Mirtskhulava V, Kalandadze I, Seydafkan S, Sutaria N, Chen TC, Blumberg HM, Ziegler TR, Tangpricha V.Nutrition . 2012 Feb 2. [Epub ahead of printEvaluation of the Solar Water Disinfection Process (SODIS) Against Cryptosporidium parvum Using a 25-L Static Solar Reactor Fitted with a Compound Parabolic Collector (CPC). Fontán-Sainz M, Gómez-Couso H, Fernández-Ibáñez P, Ares-Mazás E.Am J Trop Med Hyg . 2012 Feb;86(2):223-8Personalised electronic messages to improve sun protection in young adults. Mair S, Soyer HP, Youl P, Hurst C, Marshall A, Janda M.J Telemed Telecare . 2012 Feb 2. [Epub ahead of printDiabetes Mellitus Is an Independent Risk Factor for Colorectal Cancer. Sun L, Yu S.Dig Dis Sci . 2012 Feb 1. [Epub ahead of printMeasuring alcohol consumption for genomic meta-analyses of alcohol intake: opportunities and challenges. Agrawal A, Freedman ND, Cheng YC, Lin P, Shaffer JR, Sun Q, Taylor K, Yaspan B, Cole JW, Cornelis MC, Desensi RS, Fitzpatrick A, Heiss G, Kang JH, O'Connell J, Bennett S, Bookman E, Bucholz KK, Caporaso N, Crout R, Dick DM, Edenberg HJ, Goate A, Hesselbrock V, Kittner S, Kramer J, Nurnberger JI Jr, Qi L, Rice JP, Schuckit M, van Dam RM, Boerwinkle E, Hu F, Levy S, Marazita M, Mitchell BD, Pasquale LR, Bierut LJ; for the GENEVA Consortium.Am J Clin Nutr . 2012 Feb 1. [Epub ahead of printAmelogenin Exons 8 and 9 Encoded Peptide Enhances Leucine Rich Amelogenin Peptide Mediated Dental Pulp Repair. Huang Y, Goldberg M, Le T, Qiang R, Warner D, Witkowska HE, Liu H, Zhu L, Denbesten P, Li W.Cells Tissues Organs . 2012 Feb 1. [Epub ahead of printEco-toxicological effect of Carbamazepine on Scenedesmus obliquus and Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Zhang W, Zhang M, Lin K, Sun W, Xiong B, Guo M, Cui X, Fu R.Environ Toxicol Pharmacol . 2012 Jan 3;33(2):344-352. [Epub ahead of printEffect of abacavir on acute changes in biomarkers associated with cardiovascular dysfunction. Patel P, Bush T, Overton T, Baker J, Hammer J, Kojic E, Conley L, Henry K, Brooks JT; the SUN Study Investigators.Antivir Ther . 2011 Dec 16. doi: 10.3851/IMP2020. [Epub ahead of printFirst
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