Indirect, out-of-pocket and medical costs from influenza-related illness in young children.
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Indirect, out-of-pocket and medical costs from influenza-related illness in young children.
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Authors: Ortega-Sanchez IR,Molinari NA,Fairbrother G,Szilagyi PG,Edwards KM,Griffin MR,Cassedy A,Poehling KA,Bridges C,Staat MA,
Address: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. IOrtegaSanchez@cdc.gov
Journal: Vaccine.
Publication: 2012 Jun 13;30(28):4175-81. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.04.057. Epub 2012 Apr 27.
Studies have documented direct medical costs of influenza-related illness in young children, however little is known about the out-of-pocket and Indirect costs (e.g., missed work time) incurred by caregivers of children with medically attended influenza.
To determine the indirect, out-of-pocket (OOP), and direct medical costs of laboratory-confirmed medically attended influenza illness among young children.
Using a population-based surveillance network, we evaluated a representative group of children aged <5 years with laboratory-confirmed, medically attended influenza during the 2003-2004 season. Children hospitalized or seen in emergency department (ED) or outpatient settings in surveillance counties with laboratory-confirmed influenza were identified and data were collected from medical records, accounting databases, and follow-up interviews with caregivers. Outcome measures included work time missed, OOP expenses (e.g., over-the-counter medicines, travel expenses), and direct medical costs. Costs were estimated (in 2009 US Dollars) and comparisons were made among children with and without high risk conditions for influenza-related complications.
Data were obtained from 67 inpatients, 121 ED patients and 92 outpatients with laboratory-confirmed influenza. Caregivers of hospitalized children missed an average of 73 work hours (estimated cost $1456); caregivers of children seen in the ED and outpatient clinics missed 19 ($383) and 11 work hours ($222), respectively. Average OOP expenses were $178, $125 and $52 for inpatients, ED-patients and outpatients, respectively. OOP and indirect costs were similar between those with and without high risk conditions (p>0.10). Medical costs totaled $3990 for inpatients and $730 for ED-patients.
Out-of-pocket and indirect costs of laboratory-confirmed and medically attended influenza in young children are substantial and support the benefits of vaccination.
Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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