Evaluation of specific immune responses to BoNT/A and tetanus toxoid in patients undergoing treatment for neurologic disorders.

Authors: Vlata Z,Tsatsakis A,Tzagournissakis M,Krambovitis E,
Address: Department of Applied Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. xvlata@imbb.forth.gr
Journal: Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets.

Publication: 2012 Sep;12(3):268-73.

abstract

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are used in the treatment of many neurological disorders. The primary structure of BoNTs shows a high degree of homology with the tetanus neurotoxin, the toxoid of which is used as a vaccine. Because of the potential cross-reactivity between these toxins, we investigated the effects of Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) and tetanus toxoid on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and the corresponding serum antibody levels, in twenty patients who had been treated with BoNT/A. We observed very low PBMC immunostimulation by BoNT/A at the tested dose (15 units/ml), as demonstrated by the low lymphocyte proliferation, and the absence of detectable antibodies cross-reacting with tetanus. However, exposure of PBMC from tetanus-sensitized patients to both neurotoxins showed that BoNT/A exerted a co stimulatory effect on tetanus-stimulated cells. Interestingly, in flow cytometry analysis, BoNT/A seemed to also alter the ratio of naïve (CD45RA) : memory/effector (CD45RO) T lymphocyte subsets, in favour of CD45RO. These preliminary data give a new insight on the potential immune crossreactivity between the two antigens. In view of the wide use of both neurotoxins, these immunotoxic effects merit a more detailed investigation.

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