Effectiveness in prevention of travellers' diarrhoea by an oral cholera vaccine WC/rBS.

Authors:
Address: International Vaccination Centre, Offices of the Health Area, Sub-Delegation of the Government of Malaga, Paseo Marítimo de Pablo Ruiz Picasso 43, Malaga 29070, Spain. rosamaria.lopez@map.es
Journal:

Publication:

abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To investigate the Effectiveness of an oral cholera vaccine (Dukoral((R))) in preventing travellers' diarrhoea.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

A retrospective study was conducted among travellers who had attended the International Vaccination Centre in Malaga, Spain, before starting their journey. A telephone interview was undertaken from November 2005 to January 2006 after the travellers had returned from their trip. The relationship between vaccination with Dukoral((R)) and travellers' diarrhoea was analysed by means of a logistic regression model, adjusting for possible confounding variables (traveller's age, duration of trip and region visited).

RESULTS:

The overall incidence of diarrhoea in vaccinated travellers was 23% compared with 40% in non-vaccinated travellers (historical control group) (p=0.004). Short episodes of diarrhoea were reported in significantly more travellers of the vaccinated group than of the non-vaccinated group (average duration of diarrhoea 2.21 days versus 3.97 days, p=0.005). The incidence of diarrhoea was significantly lower among vaccinated than non-vaccinated travellers who went to Africa for less than 3 weeks (16% versus 48%, p=0.002) or India and South East Asia (19% versus 50%, p =0.052) for more than 3 weeks. No adverse events were reported in the group of vaccinated travellers.

DISCUSSION:

Vaccination reduced the risk of travellers' diarrhoea by 43%; possibly due to the protective effect of the oral vaccine Dukoral((R)) against travellers' diarrhoea caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) or cholera. The efficacy of vaccination increased after adjusting for confounding factors, being modified by traveller age (under 30 years, or 45 years and older the protective effect of the vaccine is 4.8 greater, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.1-10.7). The number needed to treat to prevent one traveller from suffering from one or more episodes of travellers' diarrhoea was 5.8.

Related Articles
Reduction of travellers' diarrhoea by WC/rBS oral cholera vaccine in young, high-risk travellers.
Vaccine. 2009
Reduction of travellers' diarrhoea by WC/rBS oral cholera vaccine in young, high-risk travellers.
Torrell JM, Aumatell CM, Ramos SM, Mestre LG, Salas CM. Vaccine. 2009 Jun 19; 27(30):4074-7. Epub 2009 May 3.
Effectiveness and economic analysis of the whole cell/recombinant B subunit (WC/rbs) inactivated oral cholera vaccine in the prevention of traveller's diarrhoea.
BMC Infect Dis. 2009
Effectiveness and economic analysis of the whole cell/recombinant B subunit (WC/rbs) inactivated oral cholera vaccine in the prevention of traveller's diarrhoea.
López-Gigosos R, Garcia-Fortea P, Calvo MJ, Reina E, Diez-Diaz R, Plaza E. BMC Infect Dis. 2009 May 16; 9:65. Epub 2009 May 16.
Analysis of efficacy of CVD 103-HgR live oral cholera vaccine against all-cause travellers' diarrhoea in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Vaccine. 2005
Analysis of efficacy of CVD 103-HgR live oral cholera vaccine against all-cause travellers' diarrhoea in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Leyten EM, Soonawala D, Schultsz C, Herzog C, Ligthelm RJ, Wijnands S, Visser LG. Vaccine. 2005 Oct 17; 23(43):5120-6.
Review Oral cholera vaccines: use in clinical practice.
Lancet Infect Dis. 2006
Review Oral cholera vaccines: use in clinical practice.
Hill DR, Ford L, Lalloo DG. Lancet Infect Dis. 2006 Jun; 6(6):361-73.
Review Vaccination with Dukoral against travelers' diarrhea (ETEC) and cholera.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2008
Review Vaccination with Dukoral against travelers' diarrhea (ETEC) and cholera.
Jelinek T, Kollaritsch H. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2008 Jul; 7(5):561-7.
Vaccination strategies to combat an infectious globe: oral cholera vaccines.
J Glob Infect Dis. 2011
Vaccination strategies to combat an infectious globe: oral cholera vaccines.
López-Gigosos RM, Plaza E, Díez-Díaz RM, Calvo MJ. J Glob Infect Dis. 2011 Jan; 3(1):56-62.
Structure-guided design and immunological characterization of immunogens presenting the HIV-1 gp120 V3 loop on a CTB scaffold.
Virology. 2010
Structure-guided design and immunological characterization of immunogens presenting the HIV-1 gp120 V3 loop on a CTB scaffold.
Totrov M, Jiang X, Kong XP, Cohen S, Krachmarov C, Salomon A, Williams C, Seaman MS, Abagyan R, Cardozo T, et al. Virology. 2010 Sep 30; 405(2):513-23. Epub 2010 Jul 21.
Effectiveness and economic analysis of the whole cell/recombinant B subunit (WC/rbs) inactivated oral cholera vaccine in the prevention of traveller's diarrhoea.
BMC Infect Dis. 2009
Effectiveness and economic analysis of the whole cell/recombinant B subunit (WC/rbs) inactivated oral cholera vaccine in the prevention of traveller's diarrhoea.
López-Gigosos R, Garcia-Fortea P, Calvo MJ, Reina E, Diez-Diaz R, Plaza E. BMC Infect Dis. 2009 May 16; 9:65. Epub 2009 May 16.

To top • Home

TraveldoctorOnline 2001 • Disclaimer • webmaster

The contents within traveldoctoronline are presented only for informational purposes and cannot substitute for professional health care or any other medical treatment.All users of this website with health problems should be oblige always to consult their medical doctor before starting any treatment.