Yellow Fever
Yellow fever is a viral disease, which is spread by the bite of a mosquito. The geographical distribution of yellow fever is confined to Equatorial Africa and South America . Strangely yellow fever is unknown in Asia despite the presence of mosquitoes capable of spreading the virus.
Nevertheless in general, all travellers going to an endemic area require a yellow fever vaccination certificate and travellers going to some parts of Asia from an endemic region will also require a certificate.Please refr to list of countries .
Manifestation: The disease can have three different presentations:
Subclinical, without any symptoms. 2. Flu-like disease with:
Fever Muscle pain Head-ache Nausea Vomiting Recovery Severe fever with death in a few days with kidney failure, liver failure and haemorrhage. Diagnose and treatment : No curative treatment is available. Overall about 5% of patients die. Those who recover do so completely and are immune thereafter.
Vaccination : Vaccine against yellow fever is available and effective. This vaccine is recommended before travelling to several countries.
Prevent yellow fever by :
Vaccination Avoid mosquito bites by remaining in well screened areas Avoid mosquito bites by remaining in air-conditioned areas. Use mosquito repellents on skin and clothing Bring aerosol insecticides to use indoors Use bednets
Yellow Fever Resource: Dengue virus tetra-epitope peptide expressed in lettuce chloroplasts for potential use in dengue diagnosis. Maldaner FR, Aragão FJ, Dos Santos FB, Franco OL, da Rocha Queiroz Lima M, de Oliveira Resende R, Vasques RM, Nagata T.Appl Microbiol Biotechnol . 2013 Apr 25. [Epub ahead of printThe estimated mortality impact of vaccinations forecast to be administered during 2011-2020 in 73 countries supported by the GAVI Alliance. Lee LA, Franzel L, Atwell J, Datta SD, Friberg IK, Goldie SJ, Reef SE, Schwalbe N, Simons E, Strebel PM, Sweet S, Suraratdecha C, Tam Y, Vynnycky E, Walker N, Walker DG, Hansen PM.Vaccine . 2013 Apr 18;31 Suppl 2:B61-72. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.11.035A simple, inexpensive, robust and sensitive dot-blot assay for equal detection of the nonstructural-1 glycoprotein of all dengue virus serotypes. Falconar AK, Romero-Vivas CM.Virol J . 2013 Apr 22;10(1):126. [Epub ahead of printAdaptation of yellow fever virus 17D to Vero cells is associated with mutations in structural and non-structural protein genes. Beasley DW, Morin M, Lamb AR, Hayman E, Watts DM, Lee CK, Trent DW, Monath TP.Virus Res . 2013 Apr 16. doi:pii: S0168-1702(13)00117-2. 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.04.003. [Epub ahead of printChemical composition, antifungal and insecticidal activities of hedychium essential oils. Sakhanokho HF, Sampson BJ, Tabanca N, Wedge DE, Demirci B, Baser KH, Bernier UR, Tsikolia M, Agramonte NM, Becnel JJ, Chen J, Rajasekaran K, Spiers JM.Molecules . 2013 Apr 11;18(4):4308-27. doi: 10.3390/molecules18044308Family compliance with counseling for children traveling to the tropics. Caillet-Gossot S, Laporte R, Noël G, Gautret P, Soula G, Delmont J, Faucher B, Parola P, Osei L, Minodier P.J Travel Med . 2013 May;20(3):171-6. doi: 10.1111/jtm.12016. Epub 2013 Mar 8Species composition and population dynamics of Aedes mosquitoes, potential vectors of arboviruses, at the container terminal of the autonomous port of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Konan YL, Coulibaly ZI, Koné AB, Ekra KD, Doannio JM, Dosso M, Odéhouri-Koudou P.Parasite . 2013;20:13. Epub 2013 Apr 9Unhealthiness, disease, and immigration: german views of Brazil. Lisboa KM.Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos . 2013 Mar;20(1):119-139. English, Portuguese.Safety and immunogenicity of yellow fever 17D vaccine in adults receiving systemic corticosteroid therapy: An observational cohort study. Kernéis S, Launay O, Ancelle T, Iordache L, Naneix-Laroche V, Méchaï F, Fehr T, Leroy JP, Issartel B, Dunand J, Van der Vliet D, Wyplosz B, Consigny PH, Hanslik T.Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) . 2013 Apr 1. doi: 10.1002/acr.22021. [Epub ahead of printAdministration of Yellow Fever Vaccine in Patients with Egg Allergy. Rutkowski K, Ewan PW, Nasser SM.Int Arch Allergy Immunol . 2013 Mar 15;161(3):274-278. [Epub ahead of printDevelopment and evaluation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in Sudan. Osman HA, Eltom KH, Musa NO, Bilal NM, Elbashir MI, Aradaib IE.J Virol Methods . 2013 Mar 28;190(1-2):4-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.03.004. [Epub ahead of printHot temperatures can force delayed mosquito outbreaks via sequential changes in Aedes aegypti demographic parameters in autocorrelated environments. Chaves LF, Scott TW, Morrison AC, Takada T.Acta Trop . 2013 Mar 26. doi:pii: S0001-706X(13)00062-4. 10.1016/j.actatropica.2013.02.025. [Epub ahead of printProteomic Biomarkers for Ageing the Mosquito Aedes aegypti to Determine Risk of Pathogen Transmission. Hugo LE, Monkman J, Dave KA, Wockner LF, Birrell GW, Norris EL, Kienzle VJ, Sikulu MT, Ryan PA, Gorman JJ, Kay BH.PLoS One . 2013;8(3):e58656. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058656. Epub 2013 Mar 11The NUITM-KEMRI P3 Laboratory in Kenya: Establishment, Features, Operation and Maintenance. Inoue S, Wandera E, Miringu G, Bundi M, Narita C, Ashur S, Kwallah A, Galata A, Abubakar M, Suka S, Mohamed S, Karama M, Horio M, Shimada M, Ichinose Y.Trop Med Health . 2013 Mar;41(1):27-37. doi: 10.2149/tmh.2013-01. Epub 2013 Feb 21Recombinant Yellow Fever Viruses Elicit CD8(+) T Cell Responses and Protective Immunity against Trypanosoma cruzi. Nogueira RT, Nogueira AR, Pereira MC, Rodrigues MM, Neves PC, Galler R, Bonaldo MC.PLoS One . 2013;8(3):e59347. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059347. Epub 2013 Mar 19Fever versus fever : The role of host and vector susceptibility and interspecific competition in shaping the current and future distributions of the sylvatic cycles of dengue virus and yellow fever virus. Hanley KA, Monath TP, Weaver SC, Rossi SL, Richman RL, Vasilakis N.Infect Genet Evol . 2013 Mar 20. doi:pii: S1567-1348(13)00080-4. 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.03.008. [Epub ahead of printPhylogeographic reconstruction of african yellow Fever virus isolates indicates recent simultaneous dispersal into East and west Africa. Beck A, Guzman H, Li L, Ellis B, Tesh RB, Barrett AD.PLoS Negl Trop Dis . 2013 Mar;7(3):e1910. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001910. Epub 2013 Mar 14Characterization of a novel flavivirus isolated from Culex (Melanoconion) ocossa mosquitoes from Iquitos, Peru. Evangelista J, Cruz C, Guevara C, Astete H, Carey C, Kochel TJ, Morrison AC, Williams M, Halsey ES, Forshey BM.J Gen Virol . 2013 Mar 20. [Epub ahead of printComparative study on in vitro activities of citral, limonene and essential oils from Lippia citriodora and L. alba on yellow fever virus. Gómez LA, Stashenko E, Ocazionez RE.Nat Prod Commun . 2013 Feb;8(2):249-52Vaccine Adverse Events Reported during the First Ten Years (1998-2008) after Introduction in the State of Rondonia, Brazil. Cunha MP, Dórea JG, Marques RC, Leão RS.Biomed Res Int . 2013;2013:853083. doi: 10.1155/2013/853083. Epub 2013 Feb 14First
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