Yellow Fever
Yellow fever is a viral disease, which is spread by the bite of a mosquito. The geographical distribution of yellow fever is confined to Equatorial Africa and South America . Strangely yellow fever is unknown in Asia despite the presence of mosquitoes capable of spreading the virus.
Nevertheless in general, all travellers going to an endemic area require a yellow fever vaccination certificate and travellers going to some parts of Asia from an endemic region will also require a certificate.Please refr to list of countries .
Manifestation: The disease can have three different presentations:
Subclinical, without any symptoms. 2. Flu-like disease with:
Fever Muscle pain Head-ache Nausea Vomiting Recovery Severe fever with death in a few days with kidney failure, liver failure and haemorrhage. Diagnose and treatment : No curative treatment is available. Overall about 5% of patients die. Those who recover do so completely and are immune thereafter.
Vaccination : Vaccine against yellow fever is available and effective. This vaccine is recommended before travelling to several countries.
Prevent yellow fever by :
Vaccination Avoid mosquito bites by remaining in well screened areas Avoid mosquito bites by remaining in air-conditioned areas. Use mosquito repellents on skin and clothing Bring aerosol insecticides to use indoors Use bednets
Yellow Fever Resource: Fyodorov-Zuev keratoprosthesis implantation: long-term results in patients with multiple failed corneal grafts. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol . 2011 Jan;249(1):93-101. Epub 2010 Aug 27Trachoma and ocular Chlamydia trachomatis rates in children in trachoma -endemic communities enrolled for at least three years in the Tanzania National Trachoma Control Programme.Tanzan J Health Res . 2009 Jul;11(3):103-10[Epidemiology of trachoma in the village of Araripe plateau--Ceará State]. Arq Bras Oftalmol . 2010 May-Jun;73(3):271-5. Portuguese.[Trachoma in patients with allergic conjunctivitis]. Arq Bras Oftalmol . 2010 May-Jun;73(3):235-9. Portuguese.Effects of intervention with the SAFE strategy on trachoma across Ethiopia. J Epidemiol Community Health . 2011 Jul;65(7):626-31. Epub 2010 Aug 6Prevalence and associations of blinding trachoma in indigenous Australians within central Australia: the Central Australian Ocular Health Study. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol . 2010 May;38(4):398-404[Prevalence of trachoma in rural primary school children in Tengzhou City of Shandong Province in China]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi . 2010 May;46(5):395-9. Chinese.[Emphasis on prevention and control of trachoma in China]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi . 2010 May;46(5):385-7. Chinese.[Dr. Juraj Curin: founder of Ophthalmology Department in Split]. Acta Med Croatica . 2010 Mar;64(1):59-63. Croatian.The decline of pneumococcal resistance after cessation of mass antibiotic distributions for trachoma . Clin Infect Dis . 2010 Sep 1;51(5):571-4Global inequality in eye health: country-level analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study. Am J Public Health . 2010 Sep;100(9):1784-8. Epub 2010 Jul 15Modelling trachoma for control programmes. Adv Exp Med Biol . 2010;673:141-56. ReviewWhere do we go from here? Prevalence of trachoma three years after stopping mass distribution of antibiotics in the regions of Kayes and Koulikoro, Mali. PLoS Negl Trop Dis . 2010 Jul 6;4(7):e734Escalating the global fight against neglected tropical diseases through interventions in the Asia Pacific region. Adv Parasitol . 2010;72:31-53. ReviewHow to (or not to) integrate vertical programmes for the control of major neglected tropical diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS Negl Trop Dis . 2010 Jun 29;4(6):e755Trichiasis. Semin Ophthalmol . 2010 May;25(3):66-71. ReviewHaptoglobin and sickle cell polymorphisms and risk of active trachoma in Gambian children. PLoS One . 2010 Jun 11;5(6):e11075[Vitreoretinal surgery in Oman]. Ophthalmologe . 2011 Feb;108(2):156-63. German.Prevalence and determinants of blindness, low vision, deafness and major bone fractures among elderly Omani population of Nizwa Wilayat (Nizwa elderly population study-2005). Indian J Ophthalmol . 2010 Jul-Aug;58(4):313-20The prevalence and causes of visual impairment in indigenous Australians within central Australia: the Central Australian Ocular Health Study. Br J Ophthalmol . 2010 Sep;94(9):1140-4. Epub 2010 Jun 7First
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