Typhoid Fever

Typhoid fever is a life-threatening illness caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi. Typhoid fever is still common in the developing world, where it affects about 12.5 million persons each year.
Salmonella Typhi lives only in humans. People with typhoid fever carry the bacteria in their bloodstream and intestinal tract. In addition, a small number of persons called carriers, recover from typhoid fever but continue to carry the bacteria. Both ill persons and carriers shed S. Typhi in their faeces (stool).

Manifestations: Persons with typhoid fever usually have a sustained:

Fever as high as 39?to 40?C (103?to 104?F )
Malaise
Abdominal pains
Headache
Loss of appetite
Rash of flat, rose-colored spots.

Diagnose and treatment: The only way to know for sure if an illness is typhoid fever is to have samples of stool or blood tested for the presence of S. Typhi. Treatment with antibiotics is available.

Vaccine is effective

Prevent typhoid fever by:

Drink canned water
Carbonated water is safer than uncarbonated water
Ask for drinks without ice
Avoid popsicles and flavoured ices that may have been made with contaminated water
Eat foods that have been thoroughly cooked and that are still hot and steaming
Avoid raw vegetables and fruits that cannot be peeled
Vegetables like lettuce are easily contaminated and are very hard to wash well
Eat raw fruit or vegetables that can be peeled, peel them yourself. (Wash your hands with soap first.) Do not eat the peelings
Avoid foods and beverages from street vendors. It is difficult for food to be kept clean on the street, and many travellers get sick from food bought from street vendors

Typhoid Fever Resource:

Optimisation of the anti-Trypanosoma brucei activity of the opioid agonist U50488.

ChemMedChem

Improving the cost-effectiveness of visual devices for the control of riverine tsetse flies, the major vectors of human African trypanosomiasis.

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

Using detergent to enhance detection sensitivity of African trypanosomes in human CSF and blood by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP).

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

Prevalence of human African trypanosomiasis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

How do tsetse recognise their hosts? The role of shape in the responses of tsetse (Glossina fuscipes and G. palpalis) to artificial hosts.

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase is an essential enzyme for the parasitic protist Trypanosoma brucei.

Biochem Biophys Res Commun

Improved PCR-RFLP for the detection of diminazene resistance in Trypanosoma congolense under field conditions using filter papers for sample storage.

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

Specific and nonhomologous isofunctional enzymes of the genetic information processing pathways as potential therapeutical targets for tritryps.

Enzyme Res

IL-10 limits production of pathogenic TNF by M1 myeloid cells through induction of nuclear NF-κB p50 member in Trypanosoma congolense infection-resistant C57BL/6 mice.

Eur J Immunol

Epidemiological aspects of the transmission of the parasites causing human African trypanosomiasis in Angola.

Ann Trop Med Parasitol

Biochemical characterization of trans-sialidase TS1 variants from Trypanosoma congolense.

BMC Biochem

Antitrypanosomal activity of some medicinal plants from Nigerian ethnomedicine.

Parasitol Res

The effects of combination of methanolic leaf extract of Azadirachta indica and diminazene diaceturate in the treatment of experimental Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection in rats.

Asian Pac J Trop Med

The characterization of a unique Trypanosoma brucei β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase.

Mol Biochem Parasitol

Population genetics of Glossina palpalis palpalis from central African sleeping sickness foci.

Parasit Vectors

HIV-1 replication in monocyte-derived dendritic cells is stimulated by melarsoprol, one of the main drugs against human African trypanosomiasis.

J Mol Biol

Specializations in a successful parasite: what makes the bloodstream-form African trypanosome so deadly?

Mol Biochem Parasitol

Mono-, di- and trisubstituted derivatives of eflornithine: synthesis for in vivo delivery of DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine in plasma.

Arzneimittelforschung

Synchronization of pathogenic protozoans.

Methods Mol Biol

Trypanosome prereplication machinery: a potential new target for an old problem.

Enzyme Res

First

Last

Jump:

To top Back to list of diseases • Home

TraveldoctorOnline 2001 • Disclaimer • webmaster

The contents within traveldoctoronline are presented only for informational purposes and cannot substitute for professional health care or any other medical treatment.All users of this website with health problems should be oblige always to consult their medical doctor before starting any treatment.