Typhoid Fever

Typhoid fever is a life-threatening illness caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi. Typhoid fever is still common in the developing world, where it affects about 12.5 million persons each year.
Salmonella Typhi lives only in humans. People with typhoid fever carry the bacteria in their bloodstream and intestinal tract. In addition, a small number of persons called carriers, recover from typhoid fever but continue to carry the bacteria. Both ill persons and carriers shed S. Typhi in their faeces (stool).

Manifestations: Persons with typhoid fever usually have a sustained:

Fever as high as 39?to 40?C (103?to 104?F )
Malaise
Abdominal pains
Headache
Loss of appetite
Rash of flat, rose-colored spots.

Diagnose and treatment: The only way to know for sure if an illness is typhoid fever is to have samples of stool or blood tested for the presence of S. Typhi. Treatment with antibiotics is available.

Vaccine is effective

Prevent typhoid fever by:

Drink canned water
Carbonated water is safer than uncarbonated water
Ask for drinks without ice
Avoid popsicles and flavoured ices that may have been made with contaminated water
Eat foods that have been thoroughly cooked and that are still hot and steaming
Avoid raw vegetables and fruits that cannot be peeled
Vegetables like lettuce are easily contaminated and are very hard to wash well
Eat raw fruit or vegetables that can be peeled, peel them yourself. (Wash your hands with soap first.) Do not eat the peelings
Avoid foods and beverages from street vendors. It is difficult for food to be kept clean on the street, and many travellers get sick from food bought from street vendors

Typhoid Fever Resource:

Neglected tropical diseases and the millennium development goals: why the "other diseases" matter: reality versus rhetoric.

Parasit Vectors

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of Trypanosoma brucei trypanothione synthetase inhibitors.

ChemMedChem

Discovery of a novel class of orally active trypanocidal N-myristoyltransferase inhibitors.

J Med Chem

New organoruthenium complexes with bioactive thiosemicarbazones as co-ligands: potential anti-trypanosomal agents.

Dalton Trans

Matrix metalloproteinases as therapeutic targets in protozoan parasitic infections.

Pharmacol Ther

Sialidases play a key role in infection and anaemia in Trypanosoma congolense animal trypanosomiasis.

Cell Microbiol

Impact of dental pain on daily living of five-year-old Brazilian preschool children: prevalence and associated factors.

Eur Arch Paediatr Dent

Transmission of human African trypanosomiasis in the Komo-Mondah focus, Gabon.

Pan Afr Med J

Diamine and aminoalcohol derivatives active against Trypanosoma brucei.

Bioorg Med Chem Lett

Trypanosoma brucei: inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase by haloxyfop.

Exp Parasitol

Distinct Toll-like receptor signals regulate cerebral parasite load and interferon α/β and tumor necrosis factor α-dependent T-cell infiltration in the brains of Trypanosoma brucei-infected mice.

J Infect Dis

A coiled-coil- and C2-domain-containing protein is required for FAZ assembly and cell morphology in Trypanosoma brucei.

J Cell Sci

Human African trypanosomiasis in Angola: clinical observations, treatment, and use of PCR for stage determination of early stage of the disease.

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg

[Entomological survey in the historical sleeping sickness focus of Bendje (Gabon)].

Parasite

Screening the MayBridge Rule of 3 Fragment Library for Compounds That Interact with the Trypanosoma brucei myo-Inositol-3-Phosphate Synthase and/or Show Trypanocidal Activity.

Mol Biol Int

Glycolysis in the african trypanosome: targeting enzymes and their subcellular compartments for therapeutic development.

Mol Biol Int

Thiol-Based Posttranslational Modifications in Parasites.

Antioxid Redox Signal

Improved detection of Trypanosoma brucei by lysis of red blood cells, concentration and LED fluorescence microscopy.

Acta Trop

Predicting the effect of climate change on African trypanosomiasis: integrating epidemiology with parasite and vector biology.

J R Soc Interface

Lipid metabolism and other metabolic changes in vervet monkeys experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense.

J Med Primatol

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