Tularaemia
Tularaemia (also known as rabbit fever or deerfly fever) is an infectious disease in ticks and rabbits that is caused by a bacterium (Francisella tularensis). The disease is transmitted by two common ways:
From the bite of an infected tick, deerfly, or mosquito. When broken skin (cuts, abrasions) comes into direct contact with an infected rabbit carcass Although uncommon, people also may contract tularaemia by inhaling contaminated dust or by ingesting contaminated meats or water. Human-to-human transmission of tularaemia is uncommon.
Manifestations: P atients will develop:
Ulcer at the site of infection Swollen lymph nodes Severe fever Patients with the less common form of tularaemia, which occurs mainly after inhalation of bacteria, typically experience:
Sudden chills Fever Weight loss Abdominal pains Tiredness Headaches. Patients with this form of tularaemia may develop an unusual pneumonia that can be fatal.
Diagnose and treatment: Bl ood test demonstrates the diagnose. Treatment with antibiotics is available.
Bite of an infected tick, deerfly, or mosquito Wear protective rubber gloves when handling rodents
Tularemia Resource: Protective immunity against tularemia provided by an adenovirus-vectored vaccine expressing Tul4 of Francisella tularensis. Clin Vaccine Immunol . 2012 Jan 25. [Epub ahead of printDevelopment of Functional and Molecular Correlates of Vaccine-Induced Protection for a Model Intracellular Pathogen, F. tularensis LVS. PLoS Pathog . 2012 Jan;8(1):e1002494. Epub 2012 Jan 19Suppurative cervical adenopathy and pharyngeal mass due to tularemia unresponsive to medical treatment. Turk J Pediatr . 2011 Sep-Oct;53(5):554-7Francisella tularensis RipA protein topology and identification of functional domains. J Bacteriol . 2012 Jan 20. [Epub ahead of printThe acid phosphatase AcpA is secreted in vitro and in macrophages by Francisella spp. Infect Immun . 2011 Dec 19. [Epub ahead of print[Microbiological and clinical aspects of tularaemia ]. Klin Mikrobiol Infekc Lek . 2011 Oct;17(5):164-7. Czech.[Detection of natural tularemia foci in Mongolia]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol . 2011 Sep-Oct;(5):31-6. Russian.Unusual epidemic events: a new method of early orientation and differentiation between natural and deliberate epidemics. Public Health . 2012 Jan;126(1):77-81. Epub 2011 Dec 1Bioterrorism: preparing the plastic surgeon. Eplasty . 2011;11:e47. Epub 2011 Nov 23Outbreaks of tularemia in a boreal forest region depends on mosquito prevalence. J Infect Dis . 2012 Jan 15;205(2):297-304. Epub 2011 Nov 28Tularemia in Alaska, 1938 - 2010.Acta Vet Scand . 2011 Nov 18;53:61A typical preparation of Francisella tularensis O-antigen yields a mixture of three types of saccharides. Biochemistry . 2011 Dec 20;50(50):10941-50. Epub 2011 Nov 28[Evaluation of tularemia cases originated from Central Anatolia, Turkey]. Mikrobiyol Bul . 2011 Oct;45(4):762-4. Turkish.[Two cases of tick-borne tularemia in Yozgat province, Turkey]. Mikrobiyol Bul . 2011 Oct;45(4):746-54. Turkish.Characteristics and management of intractable neck involvement in tularemia : report of 19 patients. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol . 2011 Nov 9. [Epub ahead of printLarval exposure to Francisella tularensis LVS affects fitness of the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. FEMS Microbiol Ecol . 2011 Dec;78(3):520-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01182.x. Epub 2011 Aug 30Modeling inhalational tularemia : deliberate release and public health response. Biosecur Bioterror . 2011 Dec;9(4):331-43. Epub 2011 Nov 1A Case of Tularemia in a Patient With Cavitary Pneumonia and Skin Lesions. Respir Care . 2011 Oct 12. [Epub ahead of printHuman tularemia in France, 2006-2010. Clin Infect Dis . 2011 Nov;53(10):e133-41Emergence of tularemia in France: paradigm of the Burgundy region. Int J Infect Dis . 2011 Dec;15(12):e882-3. Epub 2011 Oct 4First
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