Trachoma

Trachoma is a chronic follicular conjunctivitis that leads to scarring in the conjunctiva and cornea. The disease is caused by Chlamydia trachomatisWHO estimates that approximately 6 million cases of blindness due to trachoma and 11 million cases of trichiasis occur yearly.

Transmission is primary from person-to-person by ocular and respiratory secretions. Secondary: insect vectors such as house flies. Third from transmission by oral sexual practices.

Manifestation: Trachoma leads to scarring in the conjunctiva and cornea. Repeat active infections occur in children < 10 years of age. Subsequently, conjunctival scarring and inversion of the eyelashes so they irritate the cornea develops as a result of earlier infections. This predisposes to corneal ulceration and corneal opacities resulting in decreased vision and blindness.

Diagnose and treatment: Diagnose is verified by demonstrating the agent. Treatment with antibiotics is available.

Prevent trachoma by:

• Good hygiene

• Do not use handkerchiefs for eye care

• Avoid contact with flies in the face

• Refrain from oral sex.

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