Trachoma
Trachoma is a chronic follicular conjunctivitis that leads to scarring in the conjunctiva and cornea. The disease is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis WHO estimates that approximately 6 million cases of blindness due to trachoma and 11 million cases of trichiasis occur yearly.
Transmission is primary from person-to-person by ocular and respiratory secretions. Secondary: insect vectors such as house flies. Third from transmission by oral sexual practices.
Manifestation: Trachoma leads to scarring in the conjunctiva and cornea. Repeat active infections occur in children < 10 years of age. Subsequently, conjunctival scarring and inversion of the eyelashes so they irritate the cornea develops as a result of earlier infections. This predisposes to corneal ulceration and corneal opacities resulting in decreased vision and blindness.
Diagnose and treatment: Diagnose is verified by demonstrating the agent. Treatment with antibiotics is available.
Prevent trachoma by:
Trachoma Resource: Incidence of visual impairment due to cataract, diabetic retinopathy and trachoma in indigenous Australians within central Australia: the Central Australian Ocular Health Study. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol . 2012 May 18. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2012.02817.x. [Epub ahead of printNationwide integrated mapping of three neglected tropical diseases in Togo: countrywide implementation of a novel approach. Trop Med Int Health . 2012 May 18. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.03004.x. [Epub ahead of printGlobal WHO Alliance for the Elimination of Blinding Trachoma by 2020. Wkly Epidemiol Rec . 2012 Apr 27;87(17):161-8. English, French. No abstract available.Trachoma : an update on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.Curr Opin Ophthalmol . 2012 May 5. [Epub ahead of printCommunity Risk Factors for Ocular Chlamydia Infection in Niger: Pre-Treatment Results from a Cluster-Randomized Trachoma Trial. PLoS Negl Trop Dis . 2012 Apr;6(4):e1586. Epub 2012 Apr 24Face washing promotion for preventing active trachoma . Cochrane Database Syst Rev . 2012 Apr 18;4:CD003659Prevalence of trachoma in unity state, South Sudan: results from a large-scale population-based survey and potential implications for further surveys. PLoS Negl Trop Dis . 2012 Apr;6(4):e1585. Epub 2012 Apr 10Don't let misinformation derail the trachoma elimination programme. BMJ . 2012 Apr 10;344:e2579; author reply e2588. doi: 10.1136/bmj.e2579. No abstract available.[Maria Müller (1883-?) M.D., ophthalmologist: biographical notes]. Srp Arh Celok Lek . 2012 Jan-Feb;140(1-2):115-9. Serbian.Prevalence of pterygium in indigenous Australians within central Australia: the Central Australian Ocular Health Study. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol . 2011 Sep-Oct;39(7):604-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2011.02532.x. Epub 2011 Apr 27Azithromycin mass treatment for trachoma control: risk factors for non-participation of children in two treatment rounds. PLoS Negl Trop Dis . 2012 Mar;6(3):e1576. Epub 2012 Mar 20Implementing preventive chemotherapy through an integrated National Neglected Tropical Disease Control Program in Mali. PLoS Negl Trop Dis . 2012 Mar;6(3):e1574. Epub 2012 Mar 20Genome-Wide Identification of Chlamydia trachomatis Antigens Associated with Trachomatous Trichiasis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 2012 May 14;53(6):2551-9. Print 2012 JunOsteo-odonto-keratoprosthesis - A maxillofacial perspective. J Craniomaxillofac Surg . 2012 Mar 15. [Epub ahead of printIt's time to fill the glass! Clin Experiment Ophthalmol . 2012 Mar;40(2):117-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2012.02752.x. No abstract available.The burden of trachoma in South Sudan: assessing the health losses from a condition of graded severity. PLoS Negl Trop Dis . 2012 Mar;6(3):e1538. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001538. Epub 2012 Mar 6Vincent (Censu) Tabone, an ophthalmologist and a president of the Republic of Malta. Arch Ophthalmol . 2012 Mar;130(3):373-7Trichiasis surgical coverage in three local government areas of Sokoto state, Nigeria. Ann Afr Med . 2012 Apr;11(2):80-3Whole-genome analysis of diverse Chlamydia trachomatis strains identifies phylogenetic relationships masked by current clinical typing. Nat Genet . 2012 Mar 11;44(4):413-9, S1. doi: 10.1038/ng.2214Neglected tropical diseases of the Middle East and North Africa: review of their prevalence, distribution, and opportunities for control. PLoS Negl Trop Dis . 2012 Feb;6(2):e1475. Epub 2012 Feb 28First
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