Trachoma

Trachoma is a chronic follicular conjunctivitis that leads to scarring in the conjunctiva and cornea. The disease is caused by Chlamydia trachomatisWHO estimates that approximately 6 million cases of blindness due to trachoma and 11 million cases of trichiasis occur yearly.

Transmission is primary from person-to-person by ocular and respiratory secretions. Secondary: insect vectors such as house flies. Third from transmission by oral sexual practices.

Manifestation: Trachoma leads to scarring in the conjunctiva and cornea. Repeat active infections occur in children < 10 years of age. Subsequently, conjunctival scarring and inversion of the eyelashes so they irritate the cornea develops as a result of earlier infections. This predisposes to corneal ulceration and corneal opacities resulting in decreased vision and blindness.

Diagnose and treatment: Diagnose is verified by demonstrating the agent. Treatment with antibiotics is available.

Prevent trachoma by:

Good hygiene
Do not use handkerchiefs for eye care
Avoid contact with flies in the face
Refrain from oral sex.

Trachoma Resource:

Pattern of blindness in a community based hospital of Nepal.

Nepal J Ophthalmol

Rapid trachoma assessment in kersa district, southwest ethiopia.

Ethiop J Health Sci

Spatial distribution of trachoma cases in the City of Bauru, State of São Paulo, Brazil, detected in 2006: defining key areas for improvement of health resources.

Rev Soc Bras Med Trop

Using a Nonparametric Multilevel Latent Markov Model to Evaluate Diagnostics for Trachoma.

Am J Epidemiol

Adult Mortality in a Randomized Trial of Mass Azithromycin for Trachoma.

JAMA Intern Med

Comparative Analysis of Chlamydia psittaci Genomes Reveals the Recent Emergence of a Pathogenic Lineage with a Broad Host Range.

MBio

Genetic Transformation of a Clinical (Genital Tract), Plasmid-Free Isolate of Chlamydia trachomatis: Engineering the Plasmid as a Cloning Vector.

PLoS One

Whole-genome sequences of Chlamydia trachomatis directly from clinical samples without culture.

Genome Res

Genomic features beyond Chlamydia trachomatis phenotypes: What do we think we know?

Infect Genet Evol

Conjunctival MicroRNA Expression in Inflammatory Trachomatous Scarring.

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

Mass Distribution of Azithromycin for Trachoma Control Is Associated With Increased Risk of Azithromycin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Carriage in Young Children 6 Months After Treatment.

Clin Infect Dis

Trachoma: protective and pathogenic ocular immune responses to Chlamydia trachomatis.

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

Linear IgA Bullous Dermatosis: An Unusual Cause of Upper Eyelid Cicatricial Entropion.

Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg

The molecular basis for disease phenotype in chronic Chlamydia-induced arthritis.

Int J Clin Rheumtol

[Czech eponyms in pathology].

Cesk Patol

Can We Stop Mass Drug Administration Prior to 3 Annual Rounds in Communities With Low Prevalence of Trachoma?: PRET Ziada Trial Results.

JAMA Ophthalmol

Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infections in patients attending a tertiary eye care hospital in north India: a twelve year study.

Indian J Med Res

[Investigation of Chlamydia trachomatis with Cell Culture, DFA and PCR Methods in the Genital Swab Samples of Symptomatic Patients].

Mikrobiyol Bul

Neglected tropical diseases of Oceania: review of their prevalence, distribution, and opportunities for control.

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

Prevalence of xerophthalmia among malnourished children in rural Ethiopia.

Int Ophthalmol

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