Naeglaria / Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis

Naeglaria fowleri is a free-living amoebae, which is found worldwide. It has been isolated from soil, rivers and lake water, and thermally polluted water. The Naeglaria gain access to the brain by direct invasion through the nasal mucosal membrane. The encephalitis occurs in healthy children or adults, who recently have been swimming or diving in warm, fresh water.

Manifestation: Onset symptoms starts after 2 to 8 days with:

Fewer
Headache
Nausea
Vomiting
Anorexia
Confusion
Convulsions
Coma
Untreated death within a week.

Diagnose and treatment: Diagnose is given by performing lumbal puncture and testing cerebro-spinal fluid. . Treatment is possible.

Prevent Naegleria by:

Avoid swimming in stagnant, warm fresh water
Don’t swim in polluted water
Keep your nose over the water

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis Resource:

Primary amoebic meningo-encephalitis due to Naegleria fowleri.

J Indian Med Assoc

Meningoencephalitis caused by Naegleria fowleri in cattle of northeast Brazil.

Res Vet Sci

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis with subsequent organ procurement: a case study.

J Neurosci Nurs

Detection of Naegleria species in environmental samples from Peninsular Malaysia.

PLoS One

Development of a rapid DNA extraction method and one-step nested PCR for the detection of Naegleria fowleri from the environment.

Water Res

Origin and evolution of the worldwide distributed pathogenic amoeboflagellate Naegleria fowleri.

Infect Genet Evol

Naegleria gruberi metabolism.

Int J Parasitol

Reactive oxygen species-dependent necroptosis in Jurkat T cells induced by pathogenic free-living Naegleria fowleri.

Parasite Immunol

Effects of immunization with the rNfa1 protein on experimental Naegleria fowleri-PAM mice.

Parasite Immunol

Swimming with death: Naegleria fowleri infections in recreational waters.

Travel Med Infect Dis

Concentration of Naegleria fowleri in natural waters used for recreational purposes in Sonora, Mexico (November 2007-October 2008).

Exp Parasitol

Survey of Naegleria and its resisting bacteria-Legionella in hot spring water of Taiwan using molecular method.

Parasitol Res

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis: first reported case from Rohtak, North India.

Braz J Infect Dis

[Molecular diagnosis of a fatal primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in Guadeloupe (French West Indies)].

Bull Soc Pathol Exot

Differences between Naegleria fowleri and Naegleria gruberi in expression of mannose and fucose glycoconjugates.

Parasitol Res

Identification of Naegleria fowleri in warm ground water aquifers.

J Environ Qual

A real-time PCR diagnostic method for detection of Naegleria fowleri.

Exp Parasitol

The epidemiology of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in the USA, 1962-2008.

Epidemiol Infect

Immunodominant antigens in Naegleria fowleri excretory--secretory proteins were potential pathogenic factors.

Parasitol Res

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis: two new cases from Pakistan.

Trop Doct

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