Leptospirosis

Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease. Bacteria of the genus Leptospira ictero-haemorrhagica cause it. Humans become infected through contact with water, food, or soil containing urine from these infected animals. This may happen by swallowing contaminated food or water or through skin contact, especially with mucosal surfaces, such as the eyes or nose, or with broken skin.

Manifestations: In humans it causes a wide range of symptoms, and some infected persons may have no symptoms at all. Symptoms of leptospirosis include:

High fever
Severe headache
Chills
Muscle aches
Vomiting
Jaundice (yellow skin and eyes)
Red eyes
Abdominal pain
Diarrhoea
Rash.

If the disease is not treated, the patient could develop:

Kidney damage
Meningitis (inflammation of the membrane around the brain and spinal cord)
Liver failure
Respiratory distress
In rare cases death

Diagnose and treatment: Leptospirosis is confirmed by laboratory testing of a blood or urine sample. Treatment is available and effective.

Prevent Leptospirosis by:

Do not swimming or wading in water that might be contaminated with animal urine.
Protective clothing or footwear should be worn by those exposed to contaminated water or soil.

Leptospiros Resource:

Acute diarrheas among French soldiers in Djibouti.

Am J Trop Med Hyg

Wealth and its associations with enteric parasitic infections in a low-income community in Peru: use of principal component analysis.

Am J Trop Med Hyg

Evaluation of an inhouse rapid ELISA test for detection of giardia in domestic sheep (Ovis aries).

J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci

Description and burden of travel-related cases caused by enteropathogens reported in a Canadian community.

J Travel Med

Parasitological stool examination from children without the typical symptoms of parasitic disease.

Przegl Epidemiol

Multi-locus analysis of Giardia duodenalis intra-Assemblage B substitution patterns in cloned culture isolates suggests sub-Assemblage B analyses will require multi-locus genotyping with conserved and variable genes.

Int J Parasitol

Co-infection with Ascaris lumbricoides modulates protective immune responses against Giardia duodenalis in school Venezuelan rural children.

Acta Trop

Giardiasis in the pancreas accompanied by pancreatic cancer.

Pancreas

Giardia lamblia infection and its implications for vitamin A liver stores in school children.

Ann Nutr Metab

Genotypic characterisation of Giardia from domestic dogs in the USA.

Vet Parasitol

Mixed Giardia duodenalis assemblage A, B, C and E infections in pet chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera) in Flanders (Belgium).

Vet Parasitol

A large survey of Croatian wild mammals for Giardia duodenalis reveals a low prevalence and limited zoonotic potential.

Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis

[Immunocompromised HIV patient with lymphadenopathy and fever].

Rev Med Suisse

Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in pre-weaned calves in Western Australia and New South Wales.

Vet Parasitol

Obstetrician-gynecologists and perinatal infections: a review of studies of the Collaborative Ambulatory Research Network (2005-2009).

Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol

Prevalence of intestinal parasites and genotyping of Giardia intestinalis in pet shop puppies in east Japan.

Vet Parasitol

Seasonal prevalence and incidence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis and associated diarrhoea in children attending pre-school in Kafue, Zambia.

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg

Travel and migration associated infectious diseases morbidity in Europe, 2008.

BMC Infect Dis

High-throughput Giardia lamblia viability assay using bioluminescent ATP content measurements.

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

Transcriptional changes in Giardia during host-parasite interactions.

Int J Parasitol

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