Clonochiasis

Clonochiasis is caused by infektion with the trematode Clonorchis sinensis (Chinese or oriental liver fluke). Infection of humans occurs by ingestion of undercooked, salted, pickled, or smoked freshwater fish. After ingestion the organism ascend the biliary tract. The adult flukes (measuring 10 to 25 mm by 3 to 5 mm) reside in small and medium sized biliary ducts.

Occurrence: Endemic areas are in Asia including Korea, China, Taiwan, and Vietnam

Manifestations: result from inflammation and intermittent obstruction of the biliary ducts.

In the acute phase:

• abdominal pain
• nausea
• diarrhea.

In long-standing infections

• infection of biliary duct and gall bladder;
• gall stones;
• pancreatitis;
• cancer in the liver

Diagnose and treatment: Diagnose is based on microscopic demonstration of eggs in the stool or in duodenal aspirate. The adult fluke can also be recovered at surgery.Treatment with antibiotics are available.

Vaccine: Not available

Prevent Clonochiasis by: Avoid ingestion of undercooked, salted, pickled, or smoked freshwater fish.

Clonochiasis Resource:

Expression, immunolocalization, and serological reactivity of a novel sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase-like protein, an excretory/secretory antigen from Clonorchis sinensis.
Huang Y, Zheng Y, Li Y, Yang M, Li T, Zeng S, Yu X, Huang H, Hu X.
Parasitol Res. 2013 Apr 9. [Epub ahead of print
A case of clonorchiasis complicated with the expansion of liver cyst.
Kominami Y, Aikata H, Hiramatsu K, Tanaka M, Naeshiro N, Nakahara T, Honda Y, Nagaoki Y, Murakami E, Miyaki D, Miki D, Kawaoka T, Takaki S, Hiraga N, Tsuge M, Serikawa M, Imamura M, Hyogo H, Kawakami Y, Takahashi S, Sasaki T, Chayama K.
Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi. 2013 Mar;110(3):456-64
Identification and biochemical characterization of adenylate kinase 1 from Clonorchis sinensis.
Liang P, Zhang F, Chen W, Hu X, Huang Y, Li S, Ren M, He L, Li R, Li X, Xu J, Wu Z, Lu G, Yu X.
Parasitol Res. 2013 Apr;112(4):1719-27. doi: 10.1007/s00436-013-3330-6. Epub 2013 Feb 28
[Epizootiological characteristics of clonorchiasis foci in the Amur River ecosystem in the Jewish autonomic region].
Fattakhov RG, Ushakov AV, Stepanova TF, Ianovich VA, Kopylov PV.
Med Parazitol (Mosk). 2012 Oct-Dec;(4):15-8. Russian.
The carcinogenic liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis: new assembly, reannotation and analysis of the genome and characterization of tissue transcriptomes.
Huang Y, Chen W, Wang X, Liu H, Chen Y, Guo L, Luo F, Sun J, Mao Q, Liang P, Xie Z, Zhou C, Tian Y, Lv X, Huang L, Zhou J, Hu Y, Li R, Zhang F, Lei H, Li W, Hu X, Liang C, Xu J, Li X, Yu X.
PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e54732. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054732. Epub 2013 Jan 30
The characteristics of the expression of heat shock proteins and COX-2 in the liver of hamsters infected with Clonorchis sinensis, and the change of endocrine hormones and cytokines.
Choi W, Chu J.
Folia Parasitol (Praha). 2012 Dec;59(4):255-63
Proteomic analysis of different period excretory secretory products from Clonorchis sinensis adult worms: molecular characterization, immunolocalization, and serological reactivity of two excretory secretory antigens-methionine aminopeptidase 2 and acid phosphatase.
Zheng M, Hu K, Liu W, Li H, Chen J, Yu X.
Parasitol Res. 2013 Mar;112(3):1287-97. doi: 10.1007/s00436-012-3264-4. Epub 2012 Dec 30
Current status and challenge of Human Parasitology teaching in China.
Peng HJ, Zhang C, Wang CM, Chen XG.
Pathog Glob Health. 2012 Nov;106(7):386-90. doi: 10.1179/2047773212Y.0000000040
[Comparison between two expression ways on cysteine protease of Clonorchis sinensis].
Jiang WC, In XL, Gao Q, Shen MX, Xu XZ, Cao HJ.
Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi. 2012 Aug;24(4):450-4. Chinese.
In vitro maintenance of clonorchis sinensis adult worms.
Uddin MH, Li S, Bae YM, Choi MH, Hong ST.
Korean J Parasitol. 2012 Dec;50(4):309-15. doi: 10.3347/kjp.2012.50.4.309. Epub 2012 Nov 26
Efficacy and safety of tribendimidine against Clonorchis sinensis.
Qian MB, Yap P, Yang YC, Liang H, Jiang ZH, Li W, Tan YG, Zhou H, Utzinger J, Zhou XN, Keiser J.
Clin Infect Dis. 2013 Apr;56(7):e76-82. doi: 10.1093/cid/cis1011. Epub 2012 Dec 7
Biological agents. Volume 100 B. A review of human carcinogens.
IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans.
IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum. 2012;100(Pt B):1-441. Review. No abstract available.
[Pilot observation on the effect of integrated control measures against clonorchiasis in Pengjiang District of Jiangmen City].
Zheng NC, Huang BM, Li FL, Zhou LL, Liang BN, Luo CH, Chen XJ, Wu EM, Tan YF.
Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi. 2012 Jun 30;30(3):247-9. Chinese.
[Cloning, expression and immunodiagnostic analysis of Schistosoma japonicum calcium-binding EF-hand domain containing protein].
Lu Y, Xu B, Ju C, Mo XJ, Chen SB, Feng Z, Wang XN, Hu W.
Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi. 2012 Jun 30;30(3):165-9. Chinese.
A combination of the Kato-Katz methods and ELISA to improve the diagnosis of clonorchiasis in an endemic area, China.
Han S, Zhang X, Wen J, Li Y, Shu J, Ling H, Zhang F.
PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e46977. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046977. Epub 2012 Oct 8
Viable metacercariae of Opisthorchis viverrini in northeastern Thai cyprinid fish dishes--as part of a rational program for control of O. viverrini-associated cholangiocarcinoma.
Prasongwatana J, Laummaunwai P, Boonmars T, Pinlaor S.
Parasitol Res. 2013 Mar;112(3):1323-7. doi: 10.1007/s00436-012-3154-9. Epub 2012 Oct 5
A review of the control of clonorchiasis sinensis and Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis in China.
Wu W, Qian X, Huang Y, Hong Q.
Parasitol Res. 2012 Nov;111(5):1879-84. doi: 10.1007/s00436-012-3152-y. Epub 2012 Oct 5. Review
Analysis of the results of two nationwide surveys on Clonorchis sinensis infection in China.
Chen YD, Zhou CH, Xu LQ.
Biomed Environ Sci. 2012 Apr;25(2):163-6
Molecular characterization of an α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase from Clonorchis sinensis.
Lee MR, Yoo WG, Kim YJ, Kim DW, Cho SH, Hwang KY, Ju JW, Lee WJ.
Parasitol Res. 2012 Nov;111(5):2149-56. doi: 10.1007/s00436-012-3063-y. Epub 2012 Aug 29. Erratum in: Parasitol Res. 2012 Dec;111(6):2483.
Cholecystolithiasis is associated with Clonorchis sinensis infection.
Qiao T, Ma RH, Luo XB, Luo ZL, Zheng PM.
PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e42471. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042471. Epub 2012 Aug 8
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