Clonochiasis

Clonochiasis is caused by infektion with the trematode Clonorchis sinensis (Chinese or oriental liver fluke). Infection of humans occurs by ingestion of undercooked, salted, pickled, or smoked freshwater fish. After ingestion the organism ascend the biliary tract. The adult flukes (measuring 10 to 25 mm by 3 to 5 mm) reside in small and medium sized biliary ducts.

Occurrence: Endemic areas are in Asia including Korea, China, Taiwan, and Vietnam

Manifestations: result from inflammation and intermittent obstruction of the biliary ducts.

In the acute phase:

• abdominal pain
• nausea
• diarrhea.

In long-standing infections

• infection of biliary duct and gall bladder;
• gall stones;
• pancreatitis;
• cancer in the liver

Diagnose and treatment: Diagnose is based on microscopic demonstration of eggs in the stool or in duodenal aspirate. The adult fluke can also be recovered at surgery.Treatment with antibiotics are available.

Vaccine: Not available

Prevent Clonochiasis by: Avoid ingestion of undercooked, salted, pickled, or smoked freshwater fish.

Clonochiasis Resource:

[Survey of clonorchiasis in Fuyu County in 2009].
Qiang Y, Fan Y, Ben-He W, Shu-Ya W, Shu-Hua Z.
Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi. 2011 Oct;23(5):598. Chinese.
[Effect of comprehensive control in demonstration plot of clonorchiasis in Yangshan County, 2006-2009].
Xin-Hua H, Zhi-Qi L, Yue-Yi F, Cai-Yun R, Xue-Jun Z, Di-Xuan L, Shi-Li L.
Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi. 2011 Oct;23(5):569-70, 574. Chinese.
[Cost-effectiveness analysis of integrated control strategy of parasitic diseases in demonstration plots].
Ying-Dan C, Ju-Jun W, Wei Z, Men-Bao Q, Long-Qi X.
Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi. 2011 Oct;23(5):501-5. Chinese.
[Parasitic factor and cancer].
[No authors listed]
Gig Sanit. 2011 Nov-Dec;(6):8-11. Russian.
Gene/protein expression level, immunolocalization and binding characteristics of fatty acid binding protein from Clonorchis sinensis (CsFABP).
Huang L, Hu Y, Huang Y, Fang H, Li R, Hu D, Li W, Li X, Liang C, Yu X.
Mol Cell Biochem. 2011 Dec 22. [Epub ahead of print
Tracing of the Bile-chemotactic migration of juvenile Clonorchis sinensis in rabbits by PET-CT.
Kim TI, Yoo WG, Kwak BK, Seok JW, Hong SJ.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011 Dec;5(12):e1414. Epub 2011 Dec 13
Disability weight of Clonorchis sinensis infection: captured from community study and model simulation.
Qian MB, Chen YD, Fang YY, Xu LQ, Zhu TJ, Tan T, Zhou CH, Wang GF, Jia TW, Yang GJ, Zhou XN.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011 Dec;5(12):e1377. Epub 2011 Dec 13
Serological diagnosis of clonorchiasis: using a recombinant propeptide of cathepsin L proteinase from Clonorchis sinensis as a candidate antigen.
Li Y, Hu X, Liu X, Huang Y, Xu J, Zhao J, Wu Z, Yu X.
Parasitol Res. 2011 Dec 16. [Epub ahead of print
Molecular characterization and expression of a cysteine protease from Clonorchis sinensis and its application for serodiagnosis of clonorchiasis.
Lv X, Chen W, Wang X, Li X, Sun J, Deng C, Men J, Tian Y, Zhou C, Lei H, Liang C, Yu X.
Parasitol Res. 2011 Dec 15. [Epub ahead of print
[Purification of Clonorchis sinensis native protein and their application in immunodiagnosis of clonorchiasis].
Jiang WC, Jin XL, Gao Q.
Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi. 2011 Apr;23(2):221-4. Review. Chinese.
[Cloning and expression of echinococcus granulosus Eg18 and preliminary evaluation of immunological assay with recombinant antigen].
Wang YS, Han XM, Wang H.
Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi. 2011 Apr;23(2):192-6. Chinese.
[Application of F-ELISA for immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica].
Hua WQ, Yu CX, Yin XR, Qian CY.
Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi. 2011 Apr;23(2):158-62. Chinese.
Evaluation of an IgY-based immunomagnetic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system for detection of circulating Schistosoma japonicum antigen in serum samples from patients in China.
Lei JH, Su BT, Xu H, Shen JL, Guan XH, Feng ZQ, Li YL, Xu MX, Liu WQ.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011 Dec;85(6):1054-9
Free radicals enzymatically triggered by Clonorchis sinensis excretory-secretory products cause NF-κB-mediated inflammation in human cholangiocarcinoma cells.
Nam JH, Moon JH, Kim IK, Lee MR, Hong SJ, Ahn JH, Chung JW, Pak JH.
Int J Parasitol. 2012 Jan;42(1):103-13. Epub 2011 Nov 22
The identification of antigenic proteins: 14-3-3 protein and propionyl-CoA carboxylase in Clonorchis sinensis.
Lee MR, Kim YJ, Kim DW, Yoo WG, Cho SH, Hwang KY, Ju JW, Lee WJ.
Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2011 Nov 15. [Epub ahead of print
Hypersensitive reaction to praziquantel in a clonorchiasis patient.
Lee JM, Lim HS, Hong ST.
Korean J Parasitol. 2011 Sep;49(3):273-5. Epub 2011 Sep 30
Correlation between discharged worms and fecal egg counts in human clonorchiasis.
Kim JH, Choi MH, Bae YM, Oh JK, Lim MK, Hong ST.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011 Oct;5(10):e1339. Epub 2011 Oct 4
[One case with mixed infection of Giardia lamblia, Clonorchis sinensis, and Necator americanus].
Zhang RQ, Liao H, Sun Y.
Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi. 2011 Aug;29(4):5 p preceding 241. Chinese. No abstract available.
[Strengthening the research on clonorchiasis in China].
Qian MB, Zhou XN, Fang YY, Liang S, Chen YD.
Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi. 2011 Jun;29(3):211-4. Chinese.
[Evaluation of Clonorchis sinensis PPMP I antigen Cs2 recombinant protein for immunodiagnosis of clonorchiasis].
Zhou Y, Xu XN, Yao KL, Zhang HM, Cheng N, Bao YF, Zhang LJ, Xu B, Jiang H, Li XM, Chun P, Feng Z.
Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi. 2011 Jun;29(3):172-6. Chinese.
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