Authors:
Address: Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik C, Universitäts-klinikum Münster.
Journal:
Publication:
abstractpatients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) may experience loss of consciousness. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) may trigger undesired or inhibit necessary therapy in patients with an ICD. Therefore, questions about personal or professional activities for ICD patients arise. Restricting driving or other personal activities has adverse effects on the patient's quality of life. The national Societies of Cardiology provide recommendations for ICD patients concerning driving of motor vehicles. Patients with an ICD that is implanted prophylactically do not have to refrain from driving after recovery from the implantation procedure. Patients with arrhythmias are classified into different groups depending on the risk of recurrence of tachycardias and symptoms. Commercial driving is not allowed for patients with an ICD in Germany except for those with a prophylactic indication without a history of arrhythmias. Those patients may drive small cars but no trucks or busses. Guidelines for medical fitness in commercial or military flying are regulated by the Joint Aviation Authorities (JAA) and ventricular tachycardias are a contraindication for both. Fortunately, loss of consciousness is not dangerous in most jobs. Strong sources of EMI can occur at special workplaces. Patients have to be advised and tested individually concerning their risk for EMI at their employment site before returning safely. Modern life exposes to an increasing amount of EMI. Intact household devices usually do not interfere with ICDs. Mobile phones may interfere with implanted devices. Interaction can be minimized by special precautions like maintaining a distance of minimum 10 cm between mobile phone and ICD. Electronic surveillance systems work differently and have the potential to interact with devices. Patients should be advised to pass those systems with avoiding longer exposure. The presence of an ICD is presently a contraindication for undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) because of a high risk of destruction of the system with even potential harm to the patient. High-frequency application for electrocautery devices or ablation is possible under certain precautions that have to be planned before. There is a high sensitivity of ICD systems to ionizing radiation with defect of the devices after a cumulative dose > 5 Gy.
Related Articles[Driving restrictions for arrhythmia patients--with special reference to the implantable cardioverter/defibrillator].Z Kardiol. 1996
[Driving restrictions for arrhythmia patients--with special reference to the implantable cardioverter/defibrillator].
Lüderitz B, Jung W. Z Kardiol. 1996; 85 Suppl 6:115-21.
Addendum to "Personal and public safety issues related to arrhythmias that may affect consciousness: implications for regulation and physician recommendations: a medical/scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology": public safety issues in patients with implantable defibrillators: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the Heart Rhythm Society.Circulation. 2007
Addendum to "Personal and public safety issues related to arrhythmias that may affect consciousness: implications for regulation and physician recommendations: a medical/scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology": public safety issues in patients with implantable defibrillators: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the Heart Rhythm Society.
Epstein AE, Baessler CA, Curtis AB, Estes NA 3rd, Gersh BJ, Grubb B, Mitchell LB, American Heart Association, Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2007 Mar 6; 115(9):1170-6. Epub 2007 Feb 7.
Quality of life and driving in recipients of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator.Am J Cardiol. 1996
Quality of life and driving in recipients of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator.
Jung W, Lüderitz B. Am J Cardiol. 1996 Sep 12; 78(5A):51-6.
Review Addendum to "Personal and Public Safety Issues Related to Arrhythmias That May Affect Consciousness: Implications for Regulation and Physician Recommendations. A medical/scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology". Public safety issues in patients with implantable defibrillators. A Scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the Heart Rhythm Society.Heart Rhythm. 2007
Review Addendum to "Personal and Public Safety Issues Related to Arrhythmias That May Affect Consciousness: Implications for Regulation and Physician Recommendations. A medical/scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology". Public safety issues in patients with implantable defibrillators. A Scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the Heart Rhythm Society.
Epstein AE, Baessler CA, Curtis AB, Estes NA 3rd, Gersh BJ, Grubb B, Mitchell LB, American Heart Association, Heart Rhythm Society. Heart Rhythm. 2007 Mar; 4(3):386-93. Epub 2007 Jan 17.
Review A review of the evidence on the effects and costs of implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in different patient groups, and modelling of cost-effectiveness and cost-utility for these groups in a UK context.Health Technol Assess. 2006
Review A review of the evidence on the effects and costs of implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in different patient groups, and modelling of cost-effectiveness and cost-utility for these groups in a UK context.
Buxton M, Caine N, Chase D, Connelly D, Grace A, Jackson C, Parkes J, Sharples L. Health Technol Assess. 2006 Aug; 10(27):iii-iv, ix-xi, 1-164.
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