PURPOSE OF REVIEW:
Whereas gastric anisakiasis has been known for several decades, the implications of Anisakis simplex-related allergic disorders had not been thoroughly studied until the late 1990s. This article reviews recent knowledge of allergic disorders ascribed to A. simplex contact or parasitism.
RECENT FINDINGS:
Gastroallergic anisakiasis describes an acute hypersensitivity reaction emerging in the context of an acute parasitism by the nematode A. simplex. But other frequent allergic disorders like chronic urticaria are now being studied for a possible relationship with A. simplex parasitism. In recent investigations, non-IgE mediated mechanisms, such as the involvement of other immunoglobulin isotypes (IgG4), or non-immunological events are discussed.
SUMMARY:
The experience of the last several years shows that allergic hypersensitivity symptoms in gastroallergic anisakiasis are clinical events accompanying a wide range of immunologic reactions as a host response against a ubiquitous parasite. The discussed and reviewed studies should motivate allergists around the world to search for this entity. Further studies in the field of allergy could benefit from the experience of this peculiar food-related disorder.
Related ArticlesGastroallergic anisakiasis: findings in 22 patients.J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2000
Gastroallergic anisakiasis: findings in 22 patients.
López-Serrano MC, Gomez AA, Daschner A, Moreno-Ancillo A, de Parga JM, Caballero MT, Barranco P, Cabañas R. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2000 May; 15(5):503-6.
Review Anisakis simplex: from obscure infectious worm to inducer of immune hypersensitivity.Clin Microbiol Rev. 2008
Review Anisakis simplex: from obscure infectious worm to inducer of immune hypersensitivity.
Audicana MT, Kennedy MW. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2008 Apr; 21(2):360-79, table of contents.
Allergy and parasites reevaluated: wide-scale induction of chronic urticaria by the ubiquitous fish-nematode Anisakis simplex in an endemic region.Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2005
Allergy and parasites reevaluated: wide-scale induction of chronic urticaria by the ubiquitous fish-nematode Anisakis simplex in an endemic region.
Daschner A, Vega de la Osada F, Pascual CY. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2005 Jan-Feb; 33(1):31-7.
Anisakis simplex sensitization-associated urticaria: short-lived immediate type or prolonged acute urticaria.Arch Dermatol Res. 2010
Anisakis simplex sensitization-associated urticaria: short-lived immediate type or prolonged acute urticaria.
Daschner A, De Frutos C, Valls A, Vega F. Arch Dermatol Res. 2010 Oct; 302(8):625-9. Epub 2010 Jul 14.
Review [Allergy to Anisakis simplex].Allerg Immunol (Paris). 2002
Review [Allergy to Anisakis simplex].
Drouet M. Allerg Immunol (Paris). 2002 Sep; 34(7):251-4.
Seroprevalence of antibodies against Anisakis simplex larvae among health-examined residents in three hospitals of southern parts of Korea.Korean J Parasitol. 2011
Seroprevalence of antibodies against Anisakis simplex larvae among health-examined residents in three hospitals of southern parts of Korea.
Kim J, Jo JO, Choi SH, Cho MK, Yu HS, Cha HJ, Ock M. Korean J Parasitol. 2011 Jun; 49(2):139-44. Epub 2011 Jun 14.
Diagnosing human anisakiasis: recombinant Ani s 1 and Ani s 7 allergens versus the UniCAP 100 fluorescence enzyme immunoassay.Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2010
Diagnosing human anisakiasis: recombinant Ani s 1 and Ani s 7 allergens versus the UniCAP 100 fluorescence enzyme immunoassay.
Anadón AM, Rodríguez E, Gárate MT, Cuéllar C, Romarís F, Chivato T, Rodero M, González-Díaz H, Ubeira FM. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2010 Apr; 17(4):496-502. Epub 2010 Jan 27.
Urticaria and infections.Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2009
Urticaria and infections.
Wedi B, Raap U, Wieczorek D, Kapp A. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2009 Dec 1; 5(1):10. Epub 2009 Dec 1.
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